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    <meta content="Alder, Jacqueline" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Lugten, Gail L." name="eprints.creators_name" />
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<meta content="Gail.Lugten@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
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<meta content="The North Atlantic Ocean has numerous global, regional, and sub-regional instruments for fisheries management. Research for this paper has examined North Atlantic State levels of compliance with these instruments. The study reveals there to be moderate levels of overall compliance, and a latitudinal gradient of compliance with Northern States scoring higher than those in the south. Of particular significance for other global regions, and the future development of international fisheries law, are the findings that: few regional fishery bodies have a systematic program in place to monitor and assess compliance; and despite overall moderate levels of compliance with the conservation and management regimes, most fishery stocks are either overexploited or at risk or
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[3] Lugten GL. A review of measures taken by regional Marine
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[4] FAO. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. FAO: Rome,
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‘‘Law of the Sea’’. American Journal of International Law
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[6] World Commission on Environmental and Development. Our
common future. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.
[7] FAO. Indicators to assess the performance of regional fishery
bodies: Second meeting of FAO and NON-FAO regional fishery
bodies or arrangement. Fisheries Report No. 645 FIPL/R645,
FAO, Rome, 2001.
[8] Committee on Fisheries. FAO’s Fisheries Agreement Register
(FARISIS): COFI/99/Inf.9. FAO, Rome, 1999.
[9] FAO. Text of the documents placed before the panel of the high
level panel of external experts in fisheries 26–27 January 1998.
FAO Publication No. W9011/E, FAO, Rome, 1998.
[10] World Bank, United Nations Development Programme, Commission
of the European Communities, and Food and Agricultural
Organization. A study of international fisheries, Policy and
Research Series No. 19. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1992.
[11] Watson R, Pauly D. Systematic distortions in world fisheries
catch trends. Nature 2001;414:536–9.
[12] Honneland G. Compliance in the Barents Sea fisheries. How
fishermen account for conformity with rules. Marine Policy
2000;24:11–9.
[13] Ausubel JH, Victor DG. Verification of International Environmental
Agreements. Annual Review of Energy and Environment
1992;17:1–43.
[14] Vigneron G. Compliance and International Environmental
Agreements: a case study of the 1995 United Nations straddling
fish stocks agreement. The Georgetown International Environmental
Law Review 1998;10:581–623.
[15] Alder J, Lugten G, Kay R, Ferriss B. Fisheries Impacts on North
Atlantic Ecosystems: evaluations and policy. Fisheries Research
Centre Report 9(5), Fisheries Centre, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, in press.
[16] Buck E. Agreements to promote fisheries conservation, management
in international waters. Congressional Research Services,
Washington, 1996.
[17] ISOFISH. Occasional Report No. 4: toothfish poachers changing
vessel names an attempt to avoid identification by the CCAMLR
Catch Documentation Scheme. ISOFISH, Hobart, Australia,
2000.
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albacara) Albacore Tunas (Thunnus alalunga) 1998–1999. Department
of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, 1998.
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[22] Long RJ, Curran PA. Enforcing the common fisheries policy.
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direction and principles. Department of Fisheries and Oceans,
Ottawa, 2001.
[24] DeLone E, editor. Improving the management of the Atlantic
tuna: the duty to strengthen the ICCAT in light of the 1995
Straddling Stocks Agreement. N.Y.U. Environmental Law
Journal 1998;6:656–73.
[25] Richardson C. French fishermen call for a cod moratorium,
Intrafish. Friday, 9 November 2001(http://www.intrafish.com)
[26] European Commission Representation in the United Kingdom.
European fisheries: urgent problem of management. The
European Commission Background Report BR/04/97, London,
1997.
[27] Verbeek M. The future of European fisheries: recommendations
for reform of the common fisheries policy. Seas at Risk Report,
Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2001.
[28] Raymakers C, Lynham J. Slipping the net: Spain’s compliance
with ICCAT recommendations for swordfish and bluefin tuna.
TRAFFIC, 1998(http://www.traffic.org/news/ICCATreport.pdf)
[29] ACFM. Report of the ICES Advisory Committee on Fisheries
Management. ICES, 2001(http://www.ices.dk/committee/acfm/
comwork/report/2001/cotents.html)
[30] ICCAT. Report of the ICCAT SCRS. West Atlantic Bluefin tuna
stock assessment session, Madrid, Spain, September 18–22, 2000,
ICCAT, 2001(http://www.iccat.es/documents/bft.pdf)" name="eprints.referencetext" />
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    <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Frozen fish block: how commited are North Atlantic States to accountability, conservation and management of fisheries?</h1>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Alder, Jacqueline</span> and <span class="person_name">Lugten, Gail L.</span> (2002) <xhtml:em>Frozen fish block: how commited are North Atlantic States to accountability, conservation and management of fisheries?</xhtml:em> Marine Policy, 26 (5). pp. 345-357. ISSN 0308-597X</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2687/1/frozenfish.doc.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2687/1/frozenfish.doc.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />186Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="3557" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-597X(02)00016-7">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-597X(02)00016-7</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">The North Atlantic Ocean has numerous global, regional, and sub-regional instruments for fisheries management. Research for this paper has examined North Atlantic State levels of compliance with these instruments. The study reveals there to be moderate levels of overall compliance, and a latitudinal gradient of compliance with Northern States scoring higher than those in the south. Of particular significance for other global regions, and the future development of international fisheries law, are the findings that: few regional fishery bodies have a systematic program in place to monitor and assess compliance; and despite overall moderate levels of compliance with the conservation and management regimes, most fishery stocks are either overexploited or at risk or&#13;
collapse.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">The definitive version is available at http://www.sciencedirect.com&#13;
</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">International fisheries instruments; Compliance; Agreements; Legal regimes; North Atlantic</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/390111.html">390000 Law, Justice and Law Enforcement &gt; 390100 Law &gt; 390111 International Law</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2687</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Law Librarian</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">14 Dec 2007 15:46</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2687;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=2687">item control page</a></p>
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